Latin & Greek Stems and Prefixes

Directions: Read each set of words and guess the meaning of the bolded prefix.

Instrucciones: Lee cada grupo de palabras e intenta adivinar el significado del prefijo en negrita.

Instruções: Leia cada grupo de palavras e tente adivinhar o significado do prefixo em negrito.

지시 사항 : 각 단어 그룹을 읽고 굵게 표시된 접두사의 의미를 추측해 보세요.

Інструкції: Прочитайте кожну групу слів і спробуйте вгадати значення виділеного жирним префікса.

1. metamorphosis, metaphor, metabolism, metaphysics
   
   meta- change, beyond
   
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2. pseudonym, pseudoscience, pseudocode, pseudointellectual
   
   pseudo- false
   
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3. atypical, asymmetric, anonymous, apolitical
   
   a- an- not, without
   
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4. disagree, disappear, distrust, disconnect
   
   dis- remove, negate
   
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5. pandemic, panorama, pantheon, panacea
   
   pan- all
   
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6. malfunction, malnutrition, malpractice, malicious
   
   mal- bad
   
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Directions: Read each pair of sentences and guess the meaning of the bolded root.

Instrucciones: Lee cada par de oraciones e intenta adivinar el significado de la raíz en negrita.

Instruções: Leia cada par de frases e tente adivinhar o significado do radical em negrito.

지시 사항 : 각 문장 쌍을 읽고 굵게 표시된 어근의 의미를 추측해 보세요.

Інструкції: Прочитайте кожну пару речень і спробуйте вгадати значення виділеного жирним кореня.

1. The caterpillar will undergo a complete metamorphosis into a butterfly.
   The clay slowly changed its morphology as the sculptor worked.
   morph: form, shape
   
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2. "Happy" and "joyful" are synonyms because they share nearly the same meaning.
   NASA is an acronym formed from the first letters of "National Aeronautics and Space Administration."
   onym/nomen: name, word
   
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3. Everyone felt deep sympathy for the family after the accident.
   His apathy toward the project frustrated his coworkers.
   pathy: feeling, suffering
   
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4. Ancient Greek theology described many different gods and goddesses.
   Most followers of Judaism and Islam practice monotheoism, the belief in only one god.
   theo: god
   
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5. The police decided that his story sounded credible and let him go.
   The rumor gained credence after several eyewitnesses confirmed it.
   cred: trust, believe
   
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6. She showed complete fidelity to her closest friends.
   He trusted his business partner with total confidence.
   fid: faith, trust
   
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Directions: Use this chart to check your answers and see more example words for each prefix and stem.

Instrucciones: Usa esta tabla para comprobar tus respuestas y ver más palabras de ejemplo para cada prefijo y raíz.

Instruções: Use esta tabela para conferir suas respostas e ver mais palavras de exemplo para cada prefixo e radical.

지시 사항 : 이 차트를 사용하여 답을 확인하고 각 접두사와 어근의 더 많은 예시 단어를 확인하세요.

Інструкції: Використовуйте цю таблицю, щоб перевірити свої відповіді та переглянути більше прикладів слів для кожного префікса й кореня.

Prefixes

Prefix		Meaning	Example Words
meta-		change, beyond	metamorphosis, metaphor, metadata
pseudo-		false	pseudonym, pseudoscience, pseudocode
a-, an-		not, without	anonymous, atypical, apathy
dis-		remove, negate	disagree, discredit, distrust
pan-		all	pandemic, panorama, pantheon
mal-		bad	malfunction, malnutrition, malediction

Stems

Stem		Meaning	Example Words
morph		form, shape	metamorphosis, amorphous, polymorphic
onym, nomen		name, word	pseudonym, anonymous, antonym, nomenclature
pathy		feeling, suffering	sympathy, antipathy, apathy
theo		god	theology, monotheism, pantheon
cred		trust, believe	incredible, credible, discredit
fid		faith, trust	confide, fidelity, infidel

Directions: Click a meaning tile, then click the empty box it belongs in. Each item checks itself automatically once both boxes are filled. Click a filled box to remove it.

Instrucciones: Haz clic en una ficha de significado y luego en la casilla vacía a la que pertenece. Cada elemento se revisa automáticamente una vez que ambas casillas están completas. Haz clic en una casilla completada para eliminarla.

Instruções: Clique em uma ficha de significado e depois na caixa vazia a que ela pertence. Cada item é verificado automaticamente assim que as duas caixas forem preenchidas. Clique em uma caixa preenchida para removê-la.

지시 사항 : 의미 타일을 클릭한 다음, 해당 타일이 속한 빈 상자를 클릭하세요. 두 상자가 모두 채워지면 자동으로 확인됩니다. 채워진 상자를 클릭하면 제거할 수 있습니다.

Інструкції: Натисніть на плитку значення, а потім на порожнє поле, до якого вона належить. Кожен елемент перевіряється автоматично, щойно обидва поля заповнено. Натисніть на заповнене поле, щоб видалити його.

Score:

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Directions: Choose the best meaning for each bold word.

Instrucciones: Elige el mejor significado para cada palabra en negrita.

Instruções: Escolha o melhor significado para cada palavra em negrito.

지시 사항 : 굵게 표시된 각 단어에 가장 알맞은 의미를 선택하세요.

Інструкції: Виберіть найкраще значення для кожного виділеного жирним слова.

1. Which picture shows a shape that is amorphous?
   
   
   -- A --

   -- B --

   -- C --

   -- D --
   
   
2. Which face do you think best represents someone who is apathetic?
   
   
   -- A --

   -- B --

   -- C --
   
   
3. Which shape is asymmetric?
   
   
   -- A --

   -- B --

   -- C --

   -- D --
   
   
4. An antonym of "happy" would be ______.
   a word that sounds the same but is spelled differently
   another word that means exactly the same thing
   a similar word from a foreign language
   a word with the opposite meaning
   
   
5. A credible witness is one whose testimony ______.
   must be translated into another language
   was written down instead of spoken
   cannot be trusted at all
   can be believed
   
   
6. If you have fidelity to your principles, you ______.
   change your mind whenever it's convenient
   remain loyal and faithful to them
   keep them a secret from everyone
   argue about them constantly
   
   
7. An infidel, in old religious texts, was someone who ______.
   did not share the group's religious faith
   built the temples and shrines
   led the religious ceremonies
   believed in many gods
   
   
8. A theologian studies ______.
   the physical properties of matter and energy
   religious beliefs and questions about God
   the structure of ancient languages
   the history of world governments
   
   
9. A polymorphic character in a story is one that ______.
   only appears once in the entire story
   can change into many different forms
   speaks many different languages
   never changes at all
   
   
10. Computer security experts describe some malware as polymorphic because it ______.
    rewrites its own code into a new form each time it spreads
    sends copies of itself to every contact in an email account
    deletes itself permanently after one use
    only attacks one specific type of computer
    
    
11. A credulous person is someone who ______.
    believes things too easily, even without good evidence
    never believes anything, no matter the evidence
    works as a professional judge
    always tells the truth
    
    
12. If someone shows apathy about an election, they ______.
    campaign passionately for their candidate
    argue loudly with everyone around them
    don't care or feel motivated either way
    refuse to let anyone else vote
    
    
13. Scientific nomenclature is a system for ______.
    measuring temperature accurately
    predicting future discoveries
    classifying rock formations
    naming things consistently
    
    
14. A Pan-American trade agreement would involve ______.
    countries throughout North, South, and Central America
    countries in both Europe and the Americas
    only the United States and Canada
    only countries in South America
    
    
15. Metamorphic rock is rock that has ______.
    changed form because of heat and pressure
    never been touched by heat or pressure
    been ground into fine powder
    formed only underwater
    
    
16. A pseudoscience is a set of claims that ______.
    has been proven true through real experiments
    seems scientific but lacks real evidence
    was discovered by ancient scientists
    is true but hard to believe
    
    
17. If a judge writes a dissenting opinion, they ______.
    fully agree with the majority decision
    disagree with the majority decision
    refuse to make any decision at all
    ask for the case to be dismissed
    
    
18. If a government official is found guilty of malfeasance, they ______.
    committed wrongdoing or misconduct while in office
    did an outstanding job serving the public
    wrote a new set of public safety laws
    were elected for a third term
    
    
19. The Ancient Greek religion, with gods like Zeus, Athena, and Apollo, is an example of a(n) ______ religion.
    monotheistic
    polytheistic
    atheistic
    
    
20. Christianity is an example of a(n) ______ religion.
    monotheistic
    polytheistic
    atheistic
    
    
21. Someone who does not believe in the existence of any god at all holds a(n) ______ view.
    monotheistic
    polytheistic
    atheistic
    
    

Score:

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1. The prefix dis- is often combined with verbs, like disagree (dis + agree). Can you think of three more examples that use dis- in this way?
2. With some cameras, you can take a panoramic photo.
   What do you think panoramic means, and how does it connect to "pan"?
3. The word enthusiasm comes from Greek en + theos + iasm — literally "having a god inside you." Today it just means feeling excited about something.
   How and why do you think the modern meaning of the word changed?
4. The word malaria comes from Italian mal + aria — literally "bad air." What actually causes and spreads malaria? Based on the word stem and prefix meaning, how do you think people thought it was spread in the past? Were they correct?
5. If you call something a misnomer, you're saying its name doesn't actually fit what it is. For example, Koala bears aren't actually bears; they are marsupials (like a kangaroo). Similarly, a peanut is not a nut; it is a legume (like a bean).
   Can you think of a few other things that are misnomers in English? How about in your language?

Directions: Play the audio clip and try to repeat what you hear. Click "Show" to see the text.

Instrucciones: Reproduce el clip de audio e intenta repetir lo que escuchas. Haga clic en "Show" para ver el texto.

Instruções: Reproduza o clipe de áudio e tente repetir o que você ouve. Clique em "Show" para ver o texto.

지시 사항 : 오디오 클립을 재생하고 들리는 내용을 반복해 보십시오. 텍스트를 보려면 "Show" 를 클릭하십시오.

Інструкції: Увімкніть аудіокліп і спробуйте повторити те, що чуєте. Натисніть "Show", щоб побачити текст.

The caterpillar undergoes a complete metamorphosis before becoming a butterfly.

The author writes mystery novels under a pseudonym.

The donor chose to remain completely anonymous.

Everyone felt deep sympathy for the family.

He couldn't hide his antipathy toward his rival.

She's taking theology courses in college in order to get a job at a Catholic high school.

The Egyptian pantheon included dozens of gods and goddesses.

The magician's trick seemed absolutely incredible.

New evidence began to discredit the witness's story.

The old witch in the story casts a malediction on the village.

The witness gave very credible testimony in court.

The elevator suddenly began to malfunction, trapping several people inside.