Learn English with Quirks & Quarks

Check the words you already know. Marca las palabras que ya conoces. Marque as palavras que você já conhece. 이미 아는 단어에 체크하세요. Позначте слова, які ви вже знаєте.

• ☐ ☐ ☐ play into phv. - help cause
• ☐ ☐ ☐ instinctive adj. - done naturally, without thinking
• ☐ ☐ ☐ adaptive adj. - able to change to fit new situations
• ☐ ☐ ☐ obedience n. - following orders or rules
• ☐ ☐ ☐ herding v. - directing or guiding a group of animals, like sheep or cattle
• ☐ ☐ ☐ a hound n. - a type of dog
• ☐ ☐ ☐ run down phv. - chase and catch
• ☐ ☐ ☐ prey n. - the animal that another animal (predator) hunts
• ☐ ☐ ☐ a retriever n. - a type of dog
• ☐ ☐ ☐ lousy adj. - not good, useless
• ☐ ☐ ☐ a cue n. - a signal
• ☐ ☐ ☐ game n. - animals that are hunted for food or sport
• ☐ ☐ ☐ be bred v. - be selectively raised or developed with specific traits or qualities
• ☐ ☐ ☐ retrieve v. - recover, bring back
• ☐ ☐ ☐ malleable adj. - easy to change
• ☐ ☐ ☐ seat-of-the-pants exp. - done without a plan
• ☐ ☐ ☐ domesticated adj. - raised by humans
• ☐ ☐ ☐ a task n. - a job, work
• ☐ ☐ ☐ reared adj. - raised
• ☐ ☐ ☐ puppyhood n. - the time when a dog is young
• ☐ ☐ ☐ the flip side exp. - the opposite or another side of something
• ☐ ☐ ☐ a companion n. - a good friend
• ☐ ☐ ☐ empathetic adj. - having empathy for someone or something

n. - noun,    v. - verb,    phv. - phrasal verb,    adj. - adjective,    exp. - expression

---

1. Dr. Coren describes three forms of dog intelligence.
   True
   False
   
   
2. Adaptive intelligence refers to what dogs were bred to do.
   True
   False
   
   
3. Hounds are known to be excellent students because they are trained to follow commands closely.
   True
   False
   
   
4. Retrievers are one of the oldest dog breeds.
   True
   False
   
   
5. Retrievers were bred to wait for cues from humans and are generally good at learning commands.
   True
   False
   
   
6. Humans have been systematically and carefully developing dog breeds for over 14 000 years.
   True
   False
   
   
7. Wolves and dogs respond to humans pointing in the same way.
   True
   False
   
   
8. The relationship between humans and dogs has evolved to be both functional and emotional.
   True
   False
   
   

Score:

---

1. What is the conversation mainly about?
   (A) How different types of dog intelligence affect their relationship with humans.
   (B) How eviolution has made dogs smarter than other animals.
   (C) Why certain dog breeds make better pets.
   (D) How humans can breed more intelligent dogs.
   
   
2. How does the professor describe instinctive intelligence?
   (A) The intelligence related to problem-solving abilities.
   (B) A dog's ability to be taught new behaviors.
   (C) The skills that dogs were bred to do.
   (D) A dog's ability to learn on its own.
   
   
3. How does the professor describe adaptive intelligence?
   (A) The instinctive behaviors that dogs display.
   (B) A dog's ability to be taught new behaviors.
   (C) The skills that dogs were bred to do.
   (D) A dog's ability to learn on its own.
   
   
4. How does the professor describe working and obedience intelligence?
   (A) The intelligence related to problem-solving abilities.
   (B) A dog's ability to be taught new behaviors.
   (C) The skills that dogs were bred to do.
   (D) A dog's ability to learn on its own.
   
   
5. How do hounds demonstrate high instinctive intelligence?
   (A) They are good at retrieving things.
   (B) They show exceptional problem-solving skills.
   (C) They are able to quickly learn new things from humans.
   (D) They can do their tasks with little guidance from humans.
   
   
6. Which type of intelligence is likely very high for retrievers?
   (A) Working and obedience intelligence
   (B) Instinctive intelligence
   (C) Emotional intelligence
   (D) Adaptive intelligence
   
   
7. Why does the professor call retrievers "wonderful students"?
   (A) They pay attention to humans and respond to commands.
   (B) They have high adaptive intelligence.
   (C) They enjoy learning new tricks.
   (D) They listen very carefully.
   
   
8. What does the professor mean when he says this?
   
   (A) People wanted dogs to provide both social and utilitarian value.
   (B) Some dogs don't interact well with children but are very smart.
   (C) Some dogs were bred to take care of children.
   (D) All dogs are trained to be good companions.
   
   
9. What does the professor mean when he says this?
   
   (A) Some dogs have been taught to read.
   (B) Dogs and humans are able to communicate very clearly.
   (C) Dogs and humans have learned to understand each other.
   (D) Dogs understand human language better than wolves do.
   
   
10. Why does Dr. Coren mention the example of pointing at something?
    (A) To illustrate how dogs have been bred to understand human signals
    (B) To explain how dogs have better eyesight than wolves
    (C) To show how wolves are more curious than dogs
    (D) To compare obedience levels between different dog breeds
    
    

Score:

---

Directions: What expressions from the video have the same meaning as the highlighted expressions in the sentences below?

Instrucciones: ¿Qué expresiones del video tienen el mismo significado que las expresiones destacadas en las oraciones siguientes?

Instruções: Quais expressões do vídeo têm o mesmo significado que as expressões destacadas nas frases abaixo?

지시 사항: 아래 문장에서 강조된 표현과 같은 의미를 가진 표현을 영상에서 찾아보세요.

Інструкції: Які вирази з відео мають те саме значення, що й виділені вирази в реченнях нижче?

1. How might your dog's genetics [ contribute to ] its intelligence and behavior?

   [ play into ]

   Show Hide Hint
   
   
2. Now you've got to remember there's three kinds of [ dog ] intelligence.

   [ canine ]

   Show Hide Hint
   
   
3. The other form is what we call working and [ following orders ] intelligence, which is [ similar to ] school learning.

   [ obedience ] [ the equivalent of ]

   Show Hide Hint
   
   
4. And their job was to [ catch ] that prey without very much guidance from human beings.

   [ run down ]

   Show Hide Hint
   
   
5. Well, that makes them [ terrible ] students.

   [ lousy ]

   Show Hide Hint
   
   
6. You know, don't scare the ducks, don't scare the [ wild animals ], and sit quietly.

   [ game ]

   Show Hide Hint
   
   
7. So what is it about dogs that makes them so [ flexible, changeable ]?

   [ malleable ]

   Show Hide Hint
   
   
8. We've been selectively doing this [ random, unplanned ] kind of behavior genetics for dogs for at least 14000 years.

   [ seat-of-the-pants ]

   Show Hide Hint
   
   
9. Even if that wolf has been [ raised ] since puppyhood in a human surrounding, the wolf doesn't look in the direction I point.

   [ reared ]

   Show Hide Hint
   
   
10. And the [ opposite side ] is that we've been breeding dogs so that we can read their moods.

    [ flip side ]

    Show Hide Hint
    
    

Directions: Write sentences about the video clip using the words given. You can change the word form or add words, but you cannot change the word order.
( ) = optional   [ ] = necessary

Instrucciones: Escriba oraciones sobre el videoclip usando las palabras dadas. Puede cambiar la forma de la palabra o agregar palabras, pero no puede cambiar el orden de las palabras.

Instruções:: Escreva orações sobre o videoclipe usando as palavras-chave. Você pode alterar a forma da palavra ou adicionar palavras, mas não pode alterar a ordem das palavras.

지시 : 주어진 단어를 사용하여 비디오 클립에 대한 문장을 씁니다. 어형을 변경하거나 단어를 추가할 수 있지만 어순은 변경할 수 없습니다.

Інструкції: Напишіть речення про відеокліп, використовуючи подані слова. Ви можете змінювати форму слова або додавати слова, але не можете змінювати порядок слів.

there / three / kind / canine / intelligence

There are three kinds of canine intelligence.

instinctive / intelligence / refer / what / dog / breed / do

Instinctive intelligence refers to what a dog is bred to do.

Instinctive intelligence refers to what dogs are bred to do.

adaptive / intelligence / refer / what / dog / can / teach / self / do

Adaptive intelligence refers to what a dog can teach itself to do.

>

Adaptive intelligence refers to what dogs can teach themselves to do.

working / obedience / intelligence / refer / what / dog / can / teach / do / by / human

Working and obedience intelligence refers to what a dog can be taught to do by humans.

Working and obedience intelligence refers to what dogs can be taught to do by humans.

certain / type / dog / have / high / working / and / obedience / intelligence / while / other / not

Certain types of dogs have (a) high working and obedience intelligence, while others do not.

hound / which / old / dog / breed / make / lousy / student

Hounds, which are the oldest dog breed, make lousy students.

retriever / which / fairly / recent / breed / able / learn / quick

Retrievers, which are a fairly recent breed, are able to learn quickly.

human / selective / breed / dog / least / 14 000 / year

Humans have been selectively breeding dogs for at least 14 000 years.

Humans have selectively bred dogs for at least 14 000 years.

if / you / point / something / dog / look / where / you / point

If you point at something, [a dog/dogs] will look where you point.

however / if / you / point / something / wolf / just / look / hand

However, if you point at something, [a wolf/wolves] will just look at your hand.

human / breed / dog / respond / signal / mood

Humans have been breeding dogs to respond to our signals and (our) moods.

Humans have bred dogs to respond to our signals and (our) moods.

1. What new facts or ideas did you learn from the discussion? What facts were most interesting or surprising?
2. What are the three types of intelligence mentioned in the discussion? Do you think humans have similar types of intelligence? Which would be high and low for humans?
3. In your opinion, which of the three intelligences is highest for cats? Lowest?
4. Do you think big dogs or small dogs tend to be smarter? Why?
5. Which breeds do you think seem to learn well? Which breeds don't seem to learn well?
6. Humans use dogs in numerous professional situations. Can you think of eight different ways humans use dogs? (eight dog jobs?)
7. Below is a list of some of the most and least intelligent dogs. What do you find most surprising on this list?
   
   
   Brightest dogs
   Understanding of New Commands: Less than 5 repetitions.
   Obey First Command: 95% of the time or better.
   
   1. Border Collie
   2. Poodle
   3. German Shepherd
   4. Golden Retriever
   5. Doberman Pinscher
   6. Shetland Sheepdog
   7. Labrador Retriever
   8. Papillon
   9. Rottweiler
   10. Australian Cattle Dog
   
   Excellent working dogs
   Understanding of New Commands: 5 to 15 repetitions.
   Obey First Command: 85% of the time or better.
   
   11. Welsh Corgi
   12. Miniature Schnauzer
   13. English Springer Spaniel
   15. Belgian Sheepdog
   16. Collie
   18. English Cocker Spaniel
   18. Standard Schnauzer
   20. Cocker Spaniel
   23. Pomeranian
   
   Lowest degree of working and obedience intelligence
   Understanding of New Commands: 80 to 100 repetitions or more.
   Obey First Command: 25% of the time or worse.
   
   70. Shih Tzu
   71. Basset Hound
   72. Mastiff, Beagle
   73. Pekingese
   74. Bloodhound
   75. Borzoi
   76. Chow Chow
   77. Bulldog
   78. Basenji
   79. Afghan Hound
   
   [ See Full List ]